A. FLASHLIGHT
Inti dari text/genre berbentuk NEWS ITEM adalah mencertakan kejadian-kejadian yang patut dan penting untuk dijadikan sebuah berita. News item biasanya terdapat pada surat kabar, televise ataupun di radio misalnya berita tentang bencana Tsunami di Aceh, penangkapan seorang penjahat dan sebagainya.
Istilah-istilah penting yang perlu diketahui dalam News Item genre:
Ø Material process: disebut juga dengan istilah “action Verb” yaitu kata kerja yang mengacu pada aksi atau tindakan dari sitokoh. Misalnya; makan (eat/ate/eaten), tidur (sleep/slept), berenang (swim/swam/swum) dll.
Ø Verbal Process: disebut juga dngan istilah behavioral process atau Speaking Verbs. Misalnya; (say, said, told,etc).
Ø Circumstances: adalah urutan-urutan kejadian.
B. TEXT SUMMARY
Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic Structure/Text Organization:
Ø Newsworthy Events : Recounts the events in summary form
Ø Background events : Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what
circumstances
Ø Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event
Language Features
Ø Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Ø Use of Material Process to retell the even (action Verb).
Ø Use verbal Process.
Ø Focus on circumstance
1. TEXT MODELLING
Read the text carefully!
Title
Man Jailed for Striking RI Maid
News worthy Event
SINGAPORE: a supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote control, news report said on Thursday.
Background
Event 1
Muhammad Shaffiq Woon Abdullah admitted in a Singapore court he physically abused the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002, the Strait Times said.
Event 2
The magistrate’s court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.
Event 2
He hit her on the head with the TV set’s remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On one occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming
Source
S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq’s lawyer, said his client lost his “better sense” when he saw is daughter‘s face covered as she lay in bed.
He said his client thought the maid had put the child in danger. DPA
Answer these questions!
1. Why was the man jailed?
2. What makes this event newsworthy?
· _________________________
3. Find the fact why the man must be jailed!
· _________________________
· _________________________
· _________________________
· _________________________
4. the reason why the man abused the maid:
· _________________________
5. Source of news:
· _________________________
2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT
Arrange the following jumbled paragraph;
( ) A. the Malaysian authorities said recently they would soon deports hundreds of thousands of illegal workers from abroad, including Indonesia._JP
( ) B. SAMARINDA, East Kalimantan: The deportation of Indonesian workers from Malaysia has continued, with 1,000 to 3,000arriving everyday in Nuukan Regency, East Kalimantan, a local official said on Saturday.
( ) C. The workers arriving are not only those deported but also others wanting to arrange the extension of their immigration documents,” said Kashmir Foret, the Nunukan deputy regent, who also serves as the task force coordinator for the problems associated with returning workers.
( ) D. He said, however, the arrival of illegal workers would cause serious worries if they reached 5,000 or more per day. His administration would ask the provincial and central governments to help deal with the problem.
( ) E. More workers arrive from KL.
REPORT
A. FLAHLIGHT
Inti dari text berbentuk report adalah menginformasikan, menggambarkan, mendeskripsikan, atau mengklasifikasikan suatu fenomena yang ada di lingkingan kita baik itu berupa benda, tanaman, binatang dsb yang bersifat umum. Text berbentuk report ini hamper sama dengan Deskriptive, yang membedakannya hanya terletak pada subjeknya. Report biasanya berlaku general/umum sedangkan deskriptif bersifat khusus.
Istilah penting dalam Report genre;
Ø Generic participant: tokoh cerita bersifat umum/general berlaku pada semua.
Ø No temporal sequence: tidak menggunakan kata-kata penghubung waktu seperti; firstly, second, third, dsb.
Ø Relational process disebut juga dengan istilah Linking Verbs yang menghubungkan subjek pelengkap, misalnya;to be, consist of, function as, derive from, to be classified into, to be identified as, etc.
Ø Special Nouns: penggunaan kata benda khusus untuk menunjukkan cirri-ciri dari subjek seperti; features, forms, functions, species, etc.
Ø Special technical terms: penggunaan kata-kata khusus, misalnya; bagian tubuh (brain, vein, etc), bagian batang ( steem, root,etc).
B. TEXT SUMMARY
Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose: To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made, and social phenomena in our environment.
Generic Structure/Text Organization;
Ø Title : indicate the topic of the report
Ø General statement : introduces the topic of the report
Ø Description : provides the details of topic such as Physical
appearance, behavior, landform and uses (typically
organized in paragraph.
Language Features:
Ø Simple present tense
Ø Use of relational process
Ø Use of special nouns that denotes the character of things
Ø Use of special technical terms
Ø No temporal sequences
1. TEXT MODELLING
TITLE
TORNADOS
General classification
A tornado is a powerful, twisting windstorm. It is one of the most destructive of all the storms that we have seen on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.
Description
o Parts
o Qualities
o Habit/behavior
A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It likes a funnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast. In fact, the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.
Weather scientists are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur. Fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.
Answer these questions based on the text above:
1. the type of the text above is called a ___________________
2. the generic structure of the text consists of; ___________and_____________
3. the function of the text is __________________
4. the text tells us about ____________________________
5. what tense is mostly used in the text ___________________
6. What is the focus participant of the text? (What is the text mainly telling us about?)
7. Is there temporal sequence?
8. find some sentences in text that use relational process verbs:
o A tornado is powerful, twisting windstorm.
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT
Fill in the blank spaces with words provided in the box!
Horizontal tail indeed
Smooth air fluids
Thickness sea fish
Length earth external
WHALES
Whales are 1_______ mammals. They therefore breathe 2_______ but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large 3_______ and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meters 4______, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a 5______, but there are important differences in its 6_______ structure; its 7_______ consists of a pair of broad, flat horizontal 8______, compared with the tail of a fish that is vertical. It has a single 9 ________on top of its large, broad head. The skin is10 ________ and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat. This is up to 30 cm in 11________ and serves to conserve heat and body 12________.
NARRATIVE
“Semua .. Sesungguhnya hanyalah kepada Allah aku mengadukan kesusahan dan kesedihanku dan aku mengetahui dari Allah apa yang kau tiada mengetahuinya..’
(QS. Yusuf:86)
A. FLASHLIGHT
Inti dari text/genre berbentuk narrative adalah cerita hiburan yang berisi berbagai permasalahan (crisis) dan berujung pada masalh penyelesaian tersebut (resolution). Cerita berbentuk narrative bias berupa fiksi dan nonfiksi. Cerita fiksi misalnya; legenda, fable, cerita rakyat, dsb. Sedangkan cerita nonfiksi bias berupa cerita kejadian nyata dimasa lampau yang penuh degan konlik/crisis sekaligus terdapat alur penyelesaiannya, misalnya cerita tentang orang-orang yang selamat dari terjangan tsunami yang melanda aceh berikut perjuangannya menyelamatkan diri.
Istilah-istilah penting yang terdapat dalam text berbentuk narrative;
Ø specific/individual participant: tokoh cerita bersifat khusus yang mengacu pada satu atau beberapa individu dan tidak belaku pada general/umum.
Ø Material process: disebut jug adengan istilah “Action Verbs” yaitu katakerja yang mengacu pada aksi atau tindakan dari si tokoh. Misalnya; eat, swim, sleep. etc.
Ø Behavioral Process: disebut juga dengan istilah “Verbal Process/Speaking Verbs” misalnya; say, said, tell, dsb.
Ø Relational process disebut juga dengan istilah Linking Verbs yang menghubungkan subjek pelengkap, misalnya;to be, consist of, function as, derive from, to be classified into, to be identified as, etc.
Ø Mental Process/Thinking Verbs: yaitu kata kerja yang yang berhubungan dengan persepsi panca indra. Misalnya; think, feel, guess, dsb.
Ø Temporal Conjunction: kata penghubung waktu yang menghubungkan kejadian yang sat dengan yang lain. Misalnya; firstly, then, next, after that, meanwhile, at that time, etc.
Ø Temporal Circumstance: keterangan waktu. Misalnya; once, once upon a time, etc.
B. TEXT SUMMARY
Narrative deals with problematic a event which leads to a crisis or turning point of some kind (climax), which in turns finds a resolution. For example; tales, historical story, horror story, fable, legend, myth, etc.
Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose:
Ø To amuse or entertain the readers.
Ø To deal with actual /vicarious experience in different ways.
Generic Structure/Text Organization;
Ø Orientation : sets of the scene, where, when or introduce who is the participants.
Ø Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Ø Complication : what problem did character have?
Ø Resolution : how was the problem solved?
Ø Coda (optional): attitude messages to the readers.
Language Features:
Ø Focus on specific or individual participant.
Ø Use of material process/action verbs
Ø Use of behavioral process/verbal process/saying verbs/speaking verbs
Ø Use of past tense
Ø Use of temporal conjunction and temporal sequence
Ø Direct
1. TEXT MODELLING
Read the text below carefully!
PINNOCHIO
PAST TENSE
SPECIFIC PARTICIPANT
ORIENTATION
Once upon a time, there lived a poor man named Gepetto, a carpenter. He made puppets from pieces of wood. He called his favorite puppet ‘Pinocchio’. I would love to be a father to a real boy,” he wished. One night, a fairy who knew that Gepetto was a good man, cast a magic spell over Pinocchio. The very next day, Geppetto awoke and was very happy to find that Pinocchio could walk, sit, sing, talk, and run.
Poor Gepetto wanted to send Pinocchio to school. He sold his only coat for a spelling book. “Now you can go to school like a real boy!” said Gepetto as he waved good bye to Pinocchio.
MATERIAL PROCESS
COMPLICATION
On the way to school, he met an evil fox who told him all about school and gave Fun Island. Pinocchio forgot all about school and gave the fox his spelling book in return for a ticket to Fn Island. “Where are you going Pinocchio?” asked the good fairy. “I am on my way to school,” lied Pinocchio. Pinocchio’s nose suddenly grew very long. He wished he hadn’t told lie. The fairy called a bird to peck at his long nose because Pinocchio was very sorry. He promised never to be naughty ever again and went straight to school. At school, Pinocchio told his friend all about Fun Island.
After school, together with his friends, he hurriedly went aboard a ship that was going to Fun Island. They didn’t know that on the island, little boys were turned into donkeys and they had to do very hard work. Pinocchio cried and wished he hadn’t come to the island. He also wished he hadn’t looked like a silly donkey. The fairy heard his wish and with a wave of her magic wand, he became Pinocchio again.
TEMPORAL CIRCUMSTANCE
RESOLUTION
Pinocchio sat on the shore, sadly looking out the sea. He wondered if he would ever see Gepetto again. Suddenly, he saw Gepetto who had sailed out to the sea in search of Pinocchio. Pinocchio waved his hand and they could meet again. They were both tired. They laid on the sand and fell asleep. When Gepetto awoke, Pinocchio had become a real boy. “At last my wish has come true!” cried Gepetto. After that, they lived happily ever after.
2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT
THE FLY AND THE BULL
There was once a little fly that thought he was very important. One sunny morning, he flew around looking for someone to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a field. He decided to fly down to talk to him.
The little fly flew down and buzzed around the bull’s head. The bull did not bother with him. He went on chewing the grass. The fly then buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The bull continued chewing the grass.
Now the fly decided to land on one of the bull’s horns to make the bull notice him. He waited for the bull to say something, but the bull kept quiet.
The fly then shouted angrily, “oh bull, if you find that I am too heavy for you, let me know and I’ll fly away”.
The bull laughed and said, “little fly, I don’t care if you stay or leave. You are so tiny that your weight doesn’t make any difference to me, so please be quiet and leave me alone”
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